The fields are AI engineering, machine learning and AI research; software engineering roles spanning industries such as finance and healthcare; cybersecurity work focused on protecting online data; data science built on statistics and Python; cloud computing on platforms including AWS, Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud; UI/UX design aimed at making digital products usable; and product management, which guides products from concept through launch.

Breaking into any of the seven requires a mix of programming and mathematics skills, the report states, along with hands-on projects and practical experience rather than classroom knowledge alone.